Tier List
Discord

top

EMERALD+

Patch

15.17

vs

Average Emerald+ Win Rate: 50.91%

?

Different tier brackets will have different average win rates so we now provide the average.
This will vary because unlike other stat sites we include 100% of a brackets champions played and never include champions that don't belong in the bracket.

Emerald+ Champions Analysed: 5,595,355

?

We are the only League of Legends stats site to analyse every champion from every ranked game.
We include 100% of the champions played of every selected tier bracket in our analysis, we never include champions from outside the tier quoted tier.

LoL Tier List
犽凝 Build
犽凝 Counters

犽凝 Counters

犽凝 top vs middle Counters

犽凝 top on Patch 15.17 is the strongest counter to middle champions of 杰西, 麗珊卓 & 馬爾札哈. While 犽凝 top is countered most by middle champions of 埃可尚, 姬亞娜 & 艾克. Below is a detailed breakdown of 犽凝 top counters against middle champions with a minimum of 100 games.

犽凝 Leaderboard

犽凝 Counters

犽凝 ProBuilds

Name

WR vs

All Champs WR

Δ1

Δ2

Games

埃可尚

Δ₁ -5.29 • Δ₂ -4.64

vs

埃可尚

俠盜哨兵

犽凝 wins against 埃可尚 43.24% of the time which is 5.29% lower against 埃可尚 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 埃可尚 4.64% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 埃可尚 is 48.53%.

姬亞娜

Δ₁ -3.41 • Δ₂ -2.77

vs

姬亞娜

元素女帝

犽凝 wins against 姬亞娜 43.65% of the time which is 3.41% lower against 姬亞娜 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 姬亞娜 2.77% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 姬亞娜 is 47.06%.

Δ₁ -3.79 • Δ₂ -3.15

vs

艾克

時空少年

犽凝 wins against 艾克 43.91% of the time which is 3.79% lower against 艾克 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 艾克 3.15% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 艾克 is 47.70%.

墨菲特

Δ₁ -3.39 • Δ₂ -2.75

vs

墨菲特

幻石碎片

犽凝 wins against 墨菲特 44.00% of the time which is 3.39% lower against 墨菲特 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 墨菲特 2.75% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 墨菲特 is 47.39%.

Δ₁ -4.46 • Δ₂ -3.81

vs

逆命

卡牌大師

犽凝 wins against 逆命 44.08% of the time which is 4.46% lower against 逆命 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 逆命 3.81% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 逆命 is 48.54%.

拉克絲

Δ₁ -3.98 • Δ₂ -3.33

vs

拉克絲

光之少女

犽凝 wins against 拉克絲 44.63% of the time which is 3.98% lower against 拉克絲 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 拉克絲 3.33% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 拉克絲 is 48.61%.

Δ₁ -2.60 • Δ₂ -1.96

vs

柔依

暮光星靈

犽凝 wins against 柔依 45.10% of the time which is 2.60% lower against 柔依 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 柔依 1.96% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 柔依 is 47.70%.

卡薩丁

Δ₁ -2.33 • Δ₂ -1.68

vs

卡薩丁

虛空行者

犽凝 wins against 卡薩丁 45.77% of the time which is 2.33% lower against 卡薩丁 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 卡薩丁 1.68% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 卡薩丁 is 48.10%.

Δ₁ -2.75 • Δ₂ -2.10

vs

塔隆

神影刺客

犽凝 wins against 塔隆 45.85% of the time which is 2.75% lower against 塔隆 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 塔隆 2.10% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 塔隆 is 48.60%.

加里歐

Δ₁ -1.82 • Δ₂ -1.17

vs

加里歐

禦國巨像

犽凝 wins against 加里歐 46.40% of the time which is 1.82% lower against 加里歐 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 加里歐 1.17% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 加里歐 is 48.22%.

黛安娜

Δ₁ -0.86 • Δ₂ -0.22

vs

黛安娜

輕藐之月

犽凝 wins against 黛安娜 46.90% of the time which is 0.86% lower against 黛安娜 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 黛安娜 0.22% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 黛安娜 is 47.76%.

娜菲芮

Δ₁ -0.69 • Δ₂ -0.05

vs

娜菲芮

百犬之牙

犽凝 wins against 娜菲芮 46.97% of the time which is 0.69% lower against 娜菲芮 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 娜菲芮 0.05% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 娜菲芮 is 47.66%.

Δ₁ -2.43 • Δ₂ -1.78

vs

維迦

邪惡小法師

犽凝 wins against 維迦 47.02% of the time which is 2.43% lower against 維迦 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 維迦 1.78% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 維迦 is 49.45%.

Δ₁ 0.87 • Δ₂ 1.51

vs

潘森

不屈之矛

犽凝 wins against 潘森 47.12% of the time which is 0.87% higher against 潘森 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 潘森 1.51% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 潘森 is 46.25%.

薇可絲

Δ₁ 0.17 • Δ₂ 0.81

vs

薇可絲

愁霧影巫

犽凝 wins against 薇可絲 47.13% of the time which is 0.17% higher against 薇可絲 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 薇可絲 0.81% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 薇可絲 is 46.96%.

弗拉迪米爾

弗拉迪米爾

Δ₁ -1.35 • Δ₂ -0.70

vs

弗拉迪米爾

血色收割者

犽凝 wins against 弗拉迪米爾 47.16% of the time which is 1.35% lower against 弗拉迪米爾 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 弗拉迪米爾 0.70% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 弗拉迪米爾 is 48.51%.

Δ₁ -2.34 • Δ₂ -1.69

vs

阿璃

九尾妖狐

犽凝 wins against 阿璃 47.28% of the time which is 2.34% lower against 阿璃 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 阿璃 1.69% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 阿璃 is 49.62%.

賽勒斯

Δ₁ -1.93 • Δ₂ -1.28

vs

賽勒斯

罪鍊術士

犽凝 wins against 賽勒斯 47.36% of the time which is 1.93% lower against 賽勒斯 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 賽勒斯 1.28% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 賽勒斯 is 49.29%.

星朵拉

Δ₁ -1.36 • Δ₂ -0.71

vs

星朵拉

黑暗領主

犽凝 wins against 星朵拉 47.48% of the time which is 1.36% lower against 星朵拉 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 星朵拉 0.71% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 星朵拉 is 48.84%.

Δ₁ -1.30 • Δ₂ -0.65

vs

赫威

奇想繪師

犽凝 wins against 赫威 47.56% of the time which is 1.30% lower against 赫威 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 赫威 0.65% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 赫威 is 48.86%.

艾妮維亞

Δ₁ 0.13 • Δ₂ 0.78

vs

艾妮維亞

冰晶鳳凰

犽凝 wins against 艾妮維亞 48.09% of the time which is 0.13% higher against 艾妮維亞 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 艾妮維亞 0.78% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 艾妮維亞 is 47.96%.

卡特蓮娜

Δ₁ -0.29 • Δ₂ 0.36

vs

卡特蓮娜

不祥之刃

犽凝 wins against 卡特蓮娜 48.13% of the time which is 0.29% lower against 卡特蓮娜 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 卡特蓮娜 0.36% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 卡特蓮娜 is 48.42%.

塔莉雅

Δ₁ -0.75 • Δ₂ -0.10

vs

塔莉雅

岩石編織者

犽凝 wins against 塔莉雅 48.27% of the time which is 0.75% lower against 塔莉雅 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 塔莉雅 0.10% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 塔莉雅 is 49.02%.

阿卡莉

Δ₁ -0.58 • Δ₂ 0.07

vs

阿卡莉

隻影刺客

犽凝 wins against 阿卡莉 48.57% of the time which is 0.58% lower against 阿卡莉 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 阿卡莉 0.07% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 阿卡莉 is 49.15%.

Δ₁ 0.73 • Δ₂ 1.38

vs

安妮

黑暗之女

犽凝 wins against 安妮 48.74% of the time which is 0.73% higher against 安妮 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 安妮 1.38% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 安妮 is 48.01%.

Δ₁ -2.42 • Δ₂ -1.77

vs

梅爾

映魂祕使

犽凝 wins against 梅爾 48.95% of the time which is 2.42% lower against 梅爾 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 梅爾 1.77% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 梅爾 is 51.37%.

Δ₁ -1.20 • Δ₂ -0.55

vs

雷茲

符文法師

犽凝 wins against 雷茲 49.09% of the time which is 1.20% lower against 雷茲 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 雷茲 0.55% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 雷茲 is 50.29%.

齊勒斯

Δ₁ 0.86 • Δ₂ 1.51

vs

齊勒斯

遠古魔導

犽凝 wins against 齊勒斯 49.18% of the time which is 0.86% higher against 齊勒斯 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 齊勒斯 1.51% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 齊勒斯 is 48.32%.

Δ₁ 1.30 • Δ₂ 1.95

vs

飛斯

深海頑童

犽凝 wins against 飛斯 49.64% of the time which is 1.30% higher against 飛斯 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 飛斯 1.95% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 飛斯 is 48.34%.

Δ₁ 2.37 • Δ₂ 3.01

vs

凱爾

正義天使

犽凝 wins against 凱爾 49.67% of the time which is 2.37% higher against 凱爾 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 凱爾 3.01% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 凱爾 is 47.30%.

維克特

Δ₁ -0.10 • Δ₂ 0.55

vs

維克特

奧術預示者

犽凝 wins against 維克特 49.84% of the time which is 0.10% lower against 維克特 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 維克特 0.55% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 維克特 is 49.94%.

勒布朗

Δ₁ 1.09 • Δ₂ 1.74

vs

勒布朗

詐欺師

犽凝 wins against 勒布朗 49.92% of the time which is 1.09% higher against 勒布朗 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 勒布朗 1.74% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 勒布朗 is 48.83%.

維爾戈

Δ₁ -1.59 • Δ₂ -0.94

vs

維爾戈

殞落王者

犽凝 wins against 維爾戈 50.00% of the time which is 1.59% lower against 維爾戈 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 維爾戈 0.94% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 維爾戈 is 51.59%.

威寇茲

Δ₁ 2.60 • Δ₂ 3.24

vs

威寇茲

虛空魔眼

犽凝 wins against 威寇茲 50.00% of the time which is 2.60% higher against 威寇茲 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 威寇茲 3.24% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 威寇茲 is 47.40%.

翱銳龍獸

Δ₁ 1.65 • Δ₂ 2.30

vs

翱銳龍獸

星際漫遊者

犽凝 wins against 翱銳龍獸 50.00% of the time which is 1.65% higher against 翱銳龍獸 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 翱銳龍獸 2.30% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 翱銳龍獸 is 48.35%.

歐羅拉

Δ₁ -0.31 • Δ₂ 0.34

vs

歐羅拉

跨界靈使

犽凝 wins against 歐羅拉 50.27% of the time which is 0.31% lower against 歐羅拉 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 歐羅拉 0.34% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 歐羅拉 is 50.58%.

Δ₁ -0.46 • Δ₂ 0.19

vs

庫奇

英勇投彈手

犽凝 wins against 庫奇 50.44% of the time which is 0.46% lower against 庫奇 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 庫奇 0.19% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 庫奇 is 50.90%.

Δ₁ 0.96 • Δ₂ 1.61

vs

劫

影忍至尊

犽凝 wins against 劫 50.49% of the time which is 0.96% higher against 劫 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 劫 1.61% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 劫 is 49.53%.

卡莎碧雅

Δ₁ 1.83 • Δ₂ 2.48

vs

卡莎碧雅

蛇之擁抱

犽凝 wins against 卡莎碧雅 50.68% of the time which is 1.83% higher against 卡莎碧雅 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 卡莎碧雅 2.48% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 卡莎碧雅 is 48.85%.

希格斯

Δ₁ 2.04 • Δ₂ 2.69

vs

希格斯

魔法爆破專家

犽凝 wins against 希格斯 51.03% of the time which is 2.04% higher against 希格斯 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 希格斯 2.69% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 希格斯 is 48.99%.

Δ₁ 1.29 • Δ₂ 1.94

vs

犽宿

放逐浪人

犽凝 wins against 犽宿 51.34% of the time which is 1.29% higher against 犽宿 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 犽宿 1.94% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 犽宿 is 50.05%.

奧莉安娜

Δ₁ 1.34 • Δ₂ 1.99

vs

奧莉安娜

發條少女

犽凝 wins against 奧莉安娜 51.48% of the time which is 1.34% higher against 奧莉安娜 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 奧莉安娜 1.99% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 奧莉安娜 is 50.14%.

阿祈爾

Δ₁ 0.70 • Δ₂ 1.35

vs

阿祈爾

蘇瑞瑪砂皇

犽凝 wins against 阿祈爾 51.75% of the time which is 0.70% higher against 阿祈爾 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 阿祈爾 1.35% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 阿祈爾 is 51.05%.

伊瑞莉雅

Δ₁ 2.52 • Δ₂ 3.17

vs

伊瑞莉雅

舞劍靈使

犽凝 wins against 伊瑞莉雅 51.75% of the time which is 2.52% higher against 伊瑞莉雅 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 伊瑞莉雅 3.17% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 伊瑞莉雅 is 49.23%.

史矛德

Δ₁ -0.70 • Δ₂ -0.05

vs

史矛德

帝煌雛龍

犽凝 wins against 史矛德 52.12% of the time which is 0.70% lower against 史矛德 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 史矛德 0.05% less often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 史矛德 is 52.82%.

馬爾札哈

Δ₁ 3.91 • Δ₂ 4.56

vs

馬爾札哈

虛空先知

犽凝 wins against 馬爾札哈 52.23% of the time which is 3.91% higher against 馬爾札哈 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 馬爾札哈 4.56% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 馬爾札哈 is 48.32%.

麗珊卓

Δ₁ 4.45 • Δ₂ 5.10

vs

麗珊卓

傲雪巫女

犽凝 wins against 麗珊卓 52.54% of the time which is 4.45% higher against 麗珊卓 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 麗珊卓 5.10% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 麗珊卓 is 48.09%.

Δ₁ 4.88 • Δ₂ 5.53

vs

杰西

明日守護者

犽凝 wins against 杰西 55.37% of the time which is 4.88% higher against 杰西 than the average opponent.

After normalising both champions win rates 犽凝 wins against 杰西 5.53% more often than would be expected.

The average opponent winrate against 杰西 is 50.49%.

厄薩斯

冥血劍魔

阿璃

九尾妖狐

阿卡莉

隻影刺客

埃可尚

俠盜哨兵

亞歷斯塔

牛頭酋長

安比薩

鐵血狼母

阿姆姆

殤之木乃伊

艾妮維亞

冰晶鳳凰

安妮

黑暗之女

亞菲利歐

信仰銳武

艾希

冰霜射手

翱銳龍獸

星際漫遊者

歐羅拉

跨界靈使

阿祈爾

蘇瑞瑪砂皇

巴德

漂泊守望者

貝爾薇斯

虛空女皇

布里茨

蒸汽巨神兵

布蘭德

復仇業火

布郎姆

弗雷爾卓德豪腕

布蕾爾

披枷饞鬼

凱特琳

執法者

卡蜜兒

鋼鐵殘影

卡莎碧雅

蛇之擁抱

科加斯

虛空恐懼

庫奇

英勇投彈手

達瑞斯

諾克薩斯之力

黛安娜

輕藐之月

達瑞文

處刑娛樂大師

蒙多醫生

佐恩狂人

艾克

時空少年

伊莉絲

蜘蛛女王

伊芙琳

臨終擁抱

伊澤瑞爾

探險家

費德提克

亙古之懼

菲歐拉

孤高劍客

飛斯

深海頑童

加里歐

禦國巨像

剛普朗克

海洋之災

蓋倫

蒂瑪西亞之力

吶兒

失落之子

古拉格斯

酒桶之王

葛雷夫

亡命之徒

關

聖啟織偶

赫克林

戰爭之影

漢默丁格

大發明家

赫威

奇想繪師

伊羅旖

海妖祭司

伊瑞莉雅

舞劍靈使

埃爾文

綠林之父

珍娜

風暴女神

嘉文四世

蒂瑪西亞楷模

賈克斯

武器達人

杰西

明日守護者

燼

炫技大師

吉茵珂絲

暴走重砲

凱莎

虛空之女

克黎思妲

復仇之矛

卡瑪

魂之啟者

卡爾瑟斯

死亡頌唱者

卡薩丁

虛空行者

卡特蓮娜

不祥之刃

凱爾

正義天使

慨影

闇魂收割者

凱能

狂暴之心

卡力斯

虛空掠食者

鏡爪

永恆獵手

克雷德

暴躁騎士

寇格魔

深淵巨口

卡桑帝

納祖瑪之傲

勒布朗

詐欺師

李星

盲眼武僧

雷歐娜

黎明之光

莉莉亞

羞赧綻華

麗珊卓

傲雪巫女

路西恩

驅魔聖槍

露璐

精靈魔法使

拉克絲

光之少女

墨菲特

幻石碎片

馬爾札哈

虛空先知

茂凱

扭曲樹人

易大師

無極劍聖

梅爾

映魂祕使

米里歐

溫煦良焰

好運姐

賞金獵人

魔鬥凱薩

金屬亡靈

魔甘娜

墮落天使

娜菲芮

百犬之牙

娜米

海潮之音

納瑟斯

沙漠死神

納帝魯斯

深淵巨人

妮可

好奇變色龍

奈德麗

狂野獵手

淣菈

奔放笑顏

夜曲

永恆夢魘

努努和威朗普

冰原拍檔

歐拉夫

狂戰士

奧莉安娜

發條少女

鄂爾

爐心山神

潘森

不屈之矛

波比

聖鎚守護者

派克

血港開膛手

姬亞娜

元素女帝

葵恩

蒂瑪西亞之翼

銳空

惑羽

拉姆斯

披甲龍龜

雷珂煞

虛空穿梭者

銳兒

鋼鐵少女

睿娜妲．格萊斯克

化學女爵

雷尼克頓

沙漠屠夫

雷葛爾

傲慢伏擊者

雷玟

破刃放逐者

藍寶

武裝機兵

雷茲

符文法師

煞蜜拉

荒漠薔薇

史瓦妮

北境之怒

姍娜

贖魂聖槍

瑟菈紛

燦眸歌姬

賽特

獸血拳皇

薩科

惡魔小丑

慎

暮光之眼

希瓦娜

半龍少女

辛吉德

瘋狂煉金師

賽恩

亡靈勇士

希維爾

戰爭女神

史加納

遠古強者

史矛德

帝煌雛龍

索娜

琴仙

索拉卡

眾星之子

斯溫

諾克薩斯總帥

賽勒斯

罪鍊術士

星朵拉

黑暗領主

貪啃奇

河中巨怪

塔莉雅

岩石編織者

塔隆

神影刺客

塔里克

瓦羅然之盾

提摩

迅捷斥候

瑟雷西

鍊魂獄長

崔絲塔娜

約德爾炮手

特朗德

巨魔王

泰達米爾

蠻族之王

逆命

卡牌大師

圖奇

瘟疫之源

烏迪爾

神靈行者

烏爾加特

重裝無畏

法洛士

懲戒之箭

汎

暗夜獵人

維迦

邪惡小法師

威寇茲

虛空魔眼

薇可絲

愁霧影巫

菲艾

鐵腕特警

維爾戈

殞落王者

維克特

奧術預示者

弗拉迪米爾

血色收割者

弗力貝爾

無情風暴

沃維克

嗜血狂怒

悟空

齊天大聖

剎雅

逆羽

齊勒斯

遠古魔導

趙信

蒂瑪西亞總管

犽宿

放逐浪人

犽凝

不滅劍豪

約瑞科

亡魂牧人

尤娜拉

千年巫女

悠咪

魔法靈貓

札克

魔人

劫

影忍至尊

婕莉

佐恩電光

希格斯

魔法爆破專家

極靈

時光守護者

柔依

暮光星靈

枷蘿

荊棘漫遊者

LoLalytics isn't endorsed by Riot Games and doesn't reflect the views or opinions of Riot Games or anyone officially involved in producing or managing Riot Games properties. Riot Games, and all associated properties are trademarks or registered trademarks of Riot Games, Inc. Privacy Policy